Earth's history is a roller-coaster of climate fluctuations, of relative warmth giving way to frozen periods of glaciation before rising up again to the more temperate climes we experience today.

The last ice age ended about 10,000 years ago ... Since the outset of the Quaternary, whales and sharks have ruled the seas, topping a food chain with otters, seals, dugongs, fish, squid ...

Fossils from the Quaternary ice ages provide excellent opportunities for ... of transformation leading to the highly-specialised woolly mammoth of the late ice age, adapted to cold, treeless ...

We are focusing on extinct species from Europe and northern Asia, along with some from North America, including: We are using large compilations of carefully audited radiocarbon dates for each mammal ...

1993), with precipitation playing a lesser role in governing the growth and decay of ice. The major late Quaternary ice sheets are the Laurentide (LIS), Cordilleran (CIS), Scandinavian (SIS ...