The immune system responds to an infection by producing antibodies that recognize and bind to the cell surface of the pathogen, thus marking it as an intruder and triggering an immune response.

The visual estimates of HBsAg+ cell positivity for each group of regions of interest are indicated above the differential gene expression of each patient biopsy: patient (PT)1 (A) and PT2 (B).

Even though nearly every cell in an organism's body contains the same set of genes, only a fraction of these genes are used in any given cell at any given time. It is this carefully controlled ...

A new study by LMU and Helmholtz Munich shows how the pathogen Trypanosoma brucei controls changes in its cell surface to evade the immune ...