Excessive glutamate release has been linked to stress and many neurodegenerative diseases. Evidence indicates abnormalities of glutamatergic neurotransmission or glutamatergic dysfunction as playing ...

One of the most important metabolic links between neurons and astrocytes, however, is the glutamate–glutamine shuttle. Astrocytes transport the vast majority of extracellular glutamate ...

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is an ancient enzyme present in all domains of life. (1,2) GS catalyzes the condensation of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia using ... and replenishing intermediates of ...