Increasing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and balancing glutamate, brain chemicals called neurotransmitters, may help alleviate symptoms of fibromyalgia (FMS) and chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).

One of the most important metabolic links between neurons and astrocytes, however, is the glutamate–glutamine shuttle. Astrocytes transport the vast majority of extracellular glutamate ...

Increasing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and balancing glutamate, brain chemicals called neurotransmitters, may help alleviate symptoms of fibromyalgia (FMS) and chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).

Somatostatin-expressing neurons of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPNSst+) provide a limbic output of the basal ganglia and co-release GABA and Glutamate in their projection to the lateral habenula, a ...

instead, converted to lactate, which is transported out of the glia and into neurons for oxidation. Glutamate and glutamine are interconverted between glia and neurons. Adapted from ref. 136.

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is an ancient enzyme present in all domains of life. (1,2) GS catalyzes the condensation of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia using ... and replenishing intermediates of ...

Ketamine may work in other ways in the brain, too. Some nerve cells in the brain involved in mood use a chemical called glutamate to communicate with each other. The nerve cells need glutamate ...

Myelination is tightly controlled by neuron-glia communication and requires the participation of a wide repertoire of signals, including neurotransmitters such as glutamate, ATP, adenosine, or ...