Fredonia is a home rule-class city in Caldwell County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 401 at the 2010 census. Fredonia …Fredonia is a home rule-class city in Caldwell County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 401 at the 2010 census. Fredonia is located in western Caldwell County at 37°12′33″N 88°3′32″W / 37.20917°N 88.05889°W. U.S. Route 641 passes through the town, leading north 9 miles to Marion and south 9 miles to Eddyville near Interstates 24 and 69. Ky. 91 connects Fredonia to the county seat of Princeton 19 miles to the southeast.